1. When should suggestion be most likely to affect a person's observations of an event?

A. When the observations are objective.
B. When the observations are subjective.
C. When perception is preconscious.
D. When perception is unconscious.

2. Jay believes that, when he studies for a test, he gets a lower grade than when he doesn't study for the test. He believes this because of personal experiences he has had taking tests. A great deal of controlled research, however, shows that Jay's belief is probably wrong: the research demonstrates that, on average, the that people study, the better they do on tests. If Jay is shown the research results, which demonstrate the truth of this finding beyond a reasonable doubt, it is most likely that Jay will

A. continue to believe that studying for tests causes lower scores, at least for him.
B. continue to believe that studying for tests causes lower scores, probably for everyone.
C. change his belief to make it more consistent with the scientific evidence.
D. change his belief to make it less consistent with the scientific evidence.

3. Several people have told me that the Social/Behavioral Building is haunted by the ghost of a former student (Note: I am making this up). Sometimes, when I'm working in my office late at night after everyone else has gone home, I hear a voice and a door closing on the other side of the building. When I go to check it out, there never is anyone there. I've concluded that the sounds come from the ghost. Assuming that there really is no ghost, my conclusion about the sounds (that is, that they come from the activity of a ghost talking and closing a door) is the result of

A. suggestion.
B. objectivity.
C. belief perseverance.

4. Which of the following is a subjective definition?

A. Anxiety level is defined as the score on a test of anxiety.
B. Psychosis is defined as experiencing three hallucinations in a 24-hour period.
C. Intelligence is defined as doing well when asked some difficult questions about several topics.

5. Do N-rays exist?

A. It is possible, but we cannot know for sure as long as their presence is subjectively defined.
B. No, the experiments by Wood and other physicists proved that N-rays are a product of the imagination.
C. Yes, there must have been something to N-rays if a famous physicist spent almost 30 years studying them.

6. Which of the following most likely is the result of suggestion?

A. The symptoms of pneumonia decrease after taking an antibiotic that a doctor says is supposed to kill the pneumonia bacterium.
B. The symptoms of pneumonia decrease after taking megavitamins that a doctor says is supposed to kill the pneumonia bacterium.

7. Which of the following would be an example of a subjective definition of hunger?

A. Feeling that uncomfortable "gnawing" sensation after not eating for a while.
B. Not eating for a period of 12 hours after last eating a meal consisting of a nectarine and one ounce of cooked chicken.
C. Scoring above a certain cut-off point on a test designed to measure the amount of hunger.

8. Which of the following is not one of the ways that Robert Wood showed that René Blondlot probably was not observing the effects of N-rays?

A. He told Blondlot that N-rays were present when they actually were absent.
B. He told Blondlot that N-rays were absent when they actually were absent.
C. He told Blondlot that N-rays were absent when they actually were present.

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