1. Alcoholism is associated with biological heredity (genes): children of alcoholics are more likely to develop alcoholism, even when they are brought up in adoptive families. Given this fact, would it be correct to conclude that alcoholism is caused solely by genes?

A. Yes: children of alcoholics are more likely to develop alcoholism.
B. Yes: these studies show that family environment is not important.
C. No: alcoholism is a mental disorder and must have mental causes.
D. No: alcoholism has many causes, one of which is biological heredity.

2. Which of the following would be the most distal cause of Sarah's being late for her psychology class?

A. She slept through her alarm and got up 30 minutes late.
B. She left her apartment only 20 minutes before the class started.
C. She had to search for a parking space when she got to school.
D. She went to bed only two hours before she had to get up.

3. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for earning an A in this course?

A. A person must be able to read at a level that allows learning of the written material.
B. A person must be intelligent enough to comprehend the material presented in the course.
C. A person must be interested in learning about psychology and closely related disciplines.
D. A person must be able to attend to and remember what is being asked in a test question when responding to it.

4. Which of the following is a sufficient condition for earning an A in this course?

A. A person must be able to communicate on tests and assignments what he or she has learned.
B. A person must be interested in learning about psychology and closely related disciplines.
C. A person must be attend the majority of class meetings in order to earn a high participation score.
D. A person must be influenced by many interacting factors that together cause excellent performance.

5. Which of the following would be the most proximal cause of Sarah's being late for her psychology class?

A. She slept through her alarm and got up 30 minutes late.
B. She left her apartment only 20 minutes before the class started.
C. She had to search for a parking space when she got to school.
D. She went to bed only two hours before she had to get up.

6. In developing and testing a theory of addictive behavior, a psychologist usually would be trying to find _____ for the development of addictive behavior.

A. some factors important
B. all factors important
C. sufficient conditions
D. necessary conditions

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