Go to Section 1-5: Answers to Quiz Questions

1. Which stage of sleep lasts only a few minutes early in the night, but over 30 minutes by the end of the night?

A. stage 4
B. stage 0
C. REM sleep
D. NREM sleep

2. Taylor, who is eight years old, got up, walked to her brother's bedroom, and hit him in the face. She then walked back to her own bed and laid down. When her mother woke her up a few minutes later, she claimed that she didn't remember hitting her brother. Which of the following is the best explanation of this event?

A. Taylor had a "sleep terror" in which she feared her brother.
B. Taylor probably was in REM sleep when she hit her brother.
C. Taylor was having a hypnagogic experience during Stage-1 sleep.
D. Taylor was sleepwalking in Stage-4 sleep.

3. Masters and Johnson studied human sexual behavior in the laboratory. They hooked couples up to various measuring devices and asked them to engage in sexual behavior. The results of this research are an important component of our knowledge about human sexual behavior. Based on what you've read in the textbook, which of the following is likely to be the most important problem with Masters and Johnson's research results?

A. Although the research is empirical, it does not meet the other requirements of a scientific study.
B. Their studies can only describe and not explain human sexual behavior.
C. The "observation effect" may have changed the behavior of their study participants.
D. none of the above

4. Whenever people fall asleep, they first typically enter which of the following stages?

A. Stage 1
B. either Stage 1 or Stage 2
C. REM sleep
D. none of the above

5. Dreams occur during which of the following stages?

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. REM sleep
D. all the above

6. Recently, Sylvia has begun to experience nightmares and sleep terrors. What is the most likely age for Sylvia?

A. 2 years
B. 8 years
C. 6 years
D. 4 years

7. Which of the following is a similarity between the sleep of newborns and the sleep of adults?

A. Newborns, just like adults, fall immediately into a REM-like stage of sleep.
B. Newborns, just like adults, complete one sleep cycle every 60 minutes.
C. Newborns, just like adults, spend about 50% of sleep in a REM-like stage.
D. Newborns, just like adults, rarely or never experience nightmares and sleep terrors.

8. An adult who sleeps 10 hours per night will spend about ___ hours in REM sleep. A five-year-old who sleeps 10 hours per night will spend about ___ hours in REM sleep.

A. 2; 3
B. 2; 4
C. 2; 2
D. 2; 5

9. In newborns, quiet sleep is similar to _____ in adults.

A. daytime napping
B. daydreaming
C. NREM sleep
D. REM sleep

10. Which of the following is a difference between nightmares and sleep terrors?

A. Nightmares and sleep terrors typically occur during different stages of sleep.
B. Nightmares and sleep terrors tend to occur during different periods of the lifespan.
C. Nightmares and sleep terrors tend to occur during different nights.
D. all the above

11. Alcohol suppresses REM sleep. Thus, when you drink alcohol before going to sleep, you tend to get less REM sleep than is normal for you. Based on this finding, what do you think is MOST likely to happen to alcoholics who quit drinking?

A. They will dream less but have more frequent nightmares.
B. They will experience frequent episodes of sleepwalking and sleep terrors.
C. They will experience less activation-synthesis for a number of nights.
D. They will spend more time in REM sleep for a number of nights.

12. A person in Stage-2 sleep had an electrode implanted into his brain stem in the area of the reticular activating system. If an electrical current is sent through the electrode, which of the following is MOST likely to happen?

A. He will enter slow-wave sleep.
B. He will wake up.
C. He will begin to act out his dreams.
D. He will experience a sleep terror.

13. Let's say that you are dreaming about eating a large dinner. According to Sigmund Freud's notion of "wish-fulfillment," why are you having this particular dream?

A. You are hungry and attempting to satisfy your hunger.
B. You need to activate your brain periodically throughout the night.
C. You are making plans for what you will do during the next day.
D. You are remembering experiences from the previous day.

14. A group of people are participants in a study in which, for several months in a row, they are allowed to get only four hours of sleep per night. At the end of this time, they are allowed to sleep as long as they want. Which of the following is most likely to happen to these people?

A. Many will sleep LESS per night than they did before participating in the study.
B. Many will sleep MORE per night than they did before participating in the study.
C. Many will need LESS REM sleep but MORE NREM sleep than they did before participating in the study.
D. Many will need MORE REM sleep but LESS NREM sleep than they did before participating in the study.

15. Malcolm has not slept for three nights in a row. Which of the following problems is he LEAST likely to experience?

A. falling into short periods of light sleep
B. having unusual perceptual experiences
C. difficulty concentrating on interesting or fun tasks
D. getting sick when exposed to a virus or other contagion

16. When it gets dark outside, the production of which of the following hormones increases, thereby causing us to feel sleepy?

a. melatonin
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. androgen

17. Joan was diagnosed with terminal cancer and was given only six months to live. Amazingly, she was still alive two years later and her cancer had gone into remission. When asked to explain this, her doctor responded, "there is only one explanation possible: God performed a miracle." From a scientific standpoint, the problem with this explanation (as discussed during class) is that it

A. is unfalsifiable.
B. due to suggestion.
C. involves circular reasoning.
D. None of these is a problem in the doctor's explanation.

18. Which of the following stages are you LEAST likely to be in just before you wake up in the morning?

A. REM sleep
B. stage 1
C. stage 2
D. stage 3

19. In which of the following stages of sleep do delta waves FIRST appear?

A. stage 1
B. stage 2
C. stage 3
D. stage 4

20. A boy of eight years sat up in bed with his eyes wide open and screamed. When he was asked what was wrong, he mumbled incoherently, lay back down, and was quickly fast asleep. When is such an event MOST likely to happen?

A. during the first half of the night
B. during the second half of the night
C. during REM sleep
D. during stage 1 sleep

Go to Section 1-5: Answers to Quiz Questions